2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, to include the effects of surface area to volume ratio, temperature and concentration gradient

SURFACE AREA:

• If there is a larger surface area, there is a larger surface area for the molecules to diffuse through, which increases the rate of movement

TEMPERATURE:

• Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy, which causes the molecules to collide with the partially permeable membrane, therefore making movement through it more frequent

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT:

• This is the difference in concentration between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell.
• If the concentration gradient is bigger, the molecules will diffuse easier